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MEDICINAL PLANTS





                             IMPORTANT MEDICINAL PLANTS OF KERALA
No
Species / Family
Malayalam
name
Distribution in Kerala
Useful parts
Important
compounds /derivatives
Important
properties / local
clinical uses
1
Abrus precatorius.L Kunni Cultivated; occasionally wild in forest plantations Leaf, seed, root Abrine, abraliuabrine
(alks.)
Blood purifier, sedative contraceptive, abortifacient aphrodisiac antipyretic
2
 

Acorus calamus L. Araceae
Vayampu

Marshy / swampy places in the high ranges of Munnar and vicinity above 800m. altitude
Rhizhome


Acorin
Essential oil
Emetic, stomachic,
digestive, antidote, insectifuge
3

Actinodaphene hookeri Meissn. tauraceae Malavirinji Evergreen and semi-evergreen
forests
Leaf, seed Actinodaphnine
(alk.)
Antidiabetic, diuretic;
sprains
4
 

Adhatoda zeylanica Medicus Acanthaccae
Adalodakam

Common in plains and moist mixed deciduous forests, rarely also in evergreen forests Leaf, root, flower Vasicine (alk.)
essential oil
Expectorant; asthma,
bronchitis, rheumatism
5
Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa Rutaceae Koovalam Grown in homestead or temple gardens Fruit (ripe and unripe), root bark Marmalosin, essential oil
(a and b phyllandrene)
Dysentery, fever cataract
6
Aerva lanata (L.) Juss.Amaranthaceae Cherula In plains and moist or dry mixed deciduous forests at medium elevations Whole plant, root  . Diuretic, anthelminthic
7
Alangium salvifolium(L.f.)Wang
Alangiaceae
Ankolam Moist mixed deciduous forests Fruit, leaf, root Alangine (alk.) Purgative, antipyretic, anthelminthic;
rheumatism
8
Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth.Mimosaceae Nenmenivaka Moist mixed deciduous forests Stem and root bark, seed Gum, saponin,
tannin
Astringent,
antidote,
anthelmninthic;
asthma
infections,
ophthalmia
9

Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. Liliaceae Kumari Cultivated Root, juice of the plant Atoin, isobarbalain, emodin Stomachic, purgative,
emmenagogue; piles, fever, menstrual
suppressions,
colic
 
10
Alpinia galanga(L.) Willd. Zingiberaceae Aratha Evergreen forests; mostly cultivated Rhizhome Essential oil Rheumatism,fever,
catarrh, diabetes, hepatic disorders
11
Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br. Apocynaceae Ezhilampala Moist mixed deciduous forests Stem bark Echitenine ditamine echitamine
echitamidine
(alks.)
Vermifuge antidysenteric
diarrhoea, ulcer,
antidote to snake bite
12
Amaranthus spinosus L. Amaranthacaeae Mullanchera In the plains as a weed in paddy fields Plant, leaf, root
Laxative
13
Anacardium occidentale L. Anacardiaceae parankimavu Cultivated and naturalized in coastal areas Bark, root, nut Cardol,
anacardicacid
Astringent, antidiarrhoeal, nutritive, purgative; leprosy, ulcers
14
Anamirtu cocculus (L.) W. & A Menispermaceae Polla Evergreen and semi-evergreen forests Leaf, fruit Picrotoxin Antipyretic, expectorant; rheumatism
15
Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees Acanthaceae Kiriyath, Nilaveppu Coastal plains, moist mixed deciduous forests and scrub jungles Whole plant, 'leaf, root Andrograp-
holoide
neoandro-
graphotoide
(alks.)
Bitter stomachic, tonic, anthelminthic;
bacillary dysentery
16.
Anisomeles malabarica (L.) R. Br.Lamiaceae karimthumpa Moist mixed deciduous forests Whole plant, leaf Alkaloid; essential oil Antipyretic; rheumatism, dyspepsia, catarrah
17
Anthocephalus chinensis (Lam.) Walp. Rubiaceae Kadampu Semi-evergreen forests, especially along the banks of rivers or streams Stem bark, leaf Active principle similar to cinchotamic acid Febrifuge; astringent, antidysenteric
18
Antiaris toxicaria (Pers.)Lesch. Moraceae Maravuri Evergreen and semi-evergreen forests Latex, seed Antiarin, antiaresin, toxicarin Febrifuge, antidysenteric
19
Aphmamixis polystachya (Walt.) Parker Meliaceae Chemmaram 'Evergreen and semi-evergreen forests Stem bark, seed Fixed oil Astringent, stomachic; rheumatism, hepatic disorders, ulcers.
20
Areca catechu L.Arecaceae Kamuku Cultivated Nut Arecaine, arec0line (alks.) Anthehninthic aphrodisiac
 
21 
 

Aristolochia indica L.
Aristolochiaceae
 Garudakodi Semi-evergreen or moist mixed deciduous forests Root, leaf Arisolochin(alk.) Emmenagogue
antipyretic; antidot for snakebite leucoderma
22

Aristolochia tagala Cham. Aristolochiaceae Pathalagarud-
akodi
Evergreen and semi-evergreen forests Whole plant
Bowel complaints
23
Asparagus racemosus Willd.-Liliaceae Sathavari Semi-evergreen and moist mixed deciduous forests Root Sarsapogenin Diuretic, aphrodisia-
ntiseptic,
antidysenteric;
tuberculosis, lepros
24

Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Meliaceae Vepu Mostly cultivated, occasionally wild in dry deciduous forests Bark, leaf, fruit, seed, root Azadirachtin(alk.) Bitter tonic,
astringent, insectciaon non food plants
25
Bacopa monnieri(L.) Pennell Scrophulariaceae Brahmi Wet, damp, marshy areas throughout Kerala Whole plant, stem, leaf Brahmine
herpestine
Brain tonic, diuretic
asthma, epilepsy,
anaemia, fever
26
Bambusa arundinaceae (Retz.) Willd Poaceae Mula Moist or dry mixed deciduous
forests and bamboo brakes
Leaf, stem, root,seed Cholin betaine Tonic, expectorant antipyretic,
anthelminthic;
leprosy, leucoderma
27
Biophytum sensitivum (L.)
DC.Oxalidaceae
Mukkuti In plains and moist mixed deciduous forests Leaf, root, seed
Astringent,
antipyretic, antiselep
28
Boerhavia diffusa L.
Nyctaginaceae
Thazhuthama As a common weed along coastal plains and dry or moist mixed deciduous forests Root Punarnavine Diuretic, laxative,
expectorant; asthm
jaundice
29
Bombax ceiba L.
Bombacaceae
Elavu Semi-evergreen and moist deciduous forests Gum, root, fruit Catechutannic
acid
aphrodisiac,
antidysenteric, antihaemostatic
30
Borassus flabellifer L.Arecaceae Karimpana Naturalized in coastal plains and occasionally wild in dry or moist deciduous forests Juice of the plant fruit pulp, root
Restorative, diuretic
stimulant, nutritive
inflammatory
affections and
apropsy
31
Butea monosperma (Lath.) Taub.
Papilionaceae
Plasu Dry mixed deciduous forests Stem bark, leaf, flower, seed Butein butrin
(alks.)
Astringent,
aphrodisiac.
anthelminthic,
diuretic,
emmenagoguc
32

 

Calophyllum inophyllum L. Clusiaceae
Punna

A common riverine tree along coastal regions and also in semi-evergreen forests
Bark, leaf, seed


Seed oil. aromatic resin Astringent, emetic,purgative;
skindiseases and
rheumatism
33 Calotropis gigantea(L.)
R. Br.
Asclepiadaceae
Erikku Common along the plains and also in dry mixed deciduous
forests and scrubs
Root bark, leaf, flowe Calotropin calotoxin(alks.) Antidysenteric,
antipyretic,
expectorant,
purgative; fever, cold,
asthma
34 Calycopteris .fioribunda Lam. Combretaceae pullani Moist mixed deciduous forests and scrub jungles, common in the plains Leaf Calycopterin Astringent, anthelminthic,
antidysenteric;
malaria, ulcer
35 Cardiospermum haticacabum L. Sapindaceae Uzhinja Naturalized; common in plains, especially in waste lands Whole plant, leaf,
root
Saponin Diaphoretic, diuretic, emmenagogue;
rheumatism, nervous disorders
 
36 Cassia fistula L.Ceasalpiniaceae Kanikonna
Moist mixed deciduous forests,
also in cultivtion
Root bark, seed,
leaf
Anthraquinone
derivatives
Astringent, laxative cathartic, febrifuge,purgative; rhemnatism, skin diseases
37 Catunaregam spinosum (Thunb.) Tiruvengadum Rubiaceae Kara, malankara Moist and dry mixed deciduous forests bark, fruit Essential oil saponin Acid resin Astringent,
anthelminthic
abortifacient,
aphrodisiac, carminative, antipyretic; rheumatism, puhnonary infections,ulcer, leprosy
39 Centella asiatica (L.) Urban Apiaceae Kudakan, Kudangal In wet marshy places through out the plains and also in secondary  forests Whole plant, leaf Asiaticosidehy drocotylin(,alks.) Alterative, memoryenhancer,
brain tonic,skin diseases, leprosy,tuberculosis
40 Cinnamum verum Presl.Lauraceae karuva, Vayana Evergreen forests Bark Essential oil Aromatic, astringent, eugenol carminative, stomachic; nausea, vomiting, bilicosinous, diarrhoea, heart diseases
 
41 Cissampelos pareira L. Menispermaceae Malathangi Moist mixed deciduous forests and scrub jungles Root, leaf Scepeerine bebeerine cissampeline
(alks.)
Diuretic, purgative, stomachic antidiarrhoeal;
genital and urinary
disorders, heart complaints
42 Clerodendrum viscosum Vent Verbenaceae Peruku In plains and degraded forest areas and plantations Leaf, flower, root Clerodin Vermifuge, antimalarial; tumors, skin diseases, antidote for snakebite / scorpion sting
43 Clitoria
ternatea
L. Papilionaceae
Sankupnshpam Moist mixed deciduous forests, also cultivated in homestead gardens Whole plant, root, root bark, seed Fixed oil, tannins and resins Purgative, cathartic, diuretic,
laxative;
antidote to snakebite
44 Coscinium.
fenestratum

(Gaertn.)
Colebr.
Menispermaceae
Maramanjat Evergreen forests
Root, wood,
bark
Berberine saponin Bitter tonic, stomachic, antiseptic diabetes, anaemia, ophthahnia, antidote for
snake poison
45 Curculigo orchioides Gaertn Liliaceae Nilappana Senti-evergreen, moist deciduous forests and high altitude grasslands Rhizome Alcohol, tannin, starch Diuretic, aphrodisiac. demulcent;
piles,
leucorrhoea, gonorrhoea,  .jaundice skin diseases
46 Curcuma aromattica Salisb. Zingiberaceae Kasturimanjal Cultivated Rhizome Essential oil Ionic, carminative; scabies, eruption of small pox, improving skin complexion.
47 Curcuma
longa
L. Zingiberaceae
Manjal Cultivated, very rare in wild Rhizome Curcumin (alk.) essential oil Antiseptic,
anthehninthic,
carminative: sprains
and wounds
48 Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.)Rose.
Zingiberaceae
kachurikizhangu Cultivated and naturalized Rhizome Essential Oil Stomachic, diuretic,stimulent, carminative, antiseptic; bruises
and
pains
49 Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Convolvulaceae Akasavalli, Moodillathali In the plains,mostly
in dry mixed deciduous forests and scrub jungles
Stem, seed Cuscutin cuscutalin(alk.) Carminative, anthelminthic alterative, purgative;fever, bilious disorders
50 Cyclea peltata (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thorns. Menispermaceae Padakizhangu,
padathali
Dry and moist mixed deciduous forests and scrub jungles Leaf, root (d-Tetradrine dl-Tetradrine
iso chondro-
dendrine)(alk.)
Sedative,
antipyretic;
antidysenteric; jaundice,
asthma, leprosy
51 Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Poaceae Karuka Forest plantations and openings in all forest types Whole plant, root Digestive
nutrients proteins and hydrocyanic acid
Diuretic, antiseptic,
astringent,
antidiarrhoeal,
antidysenteric;
venereal diseases,
catarrah
52 Desmodiun gangeticum (L.)
DC.Papilionaceae
Orila Evergreen and moist mixed deciduous forests Root
.
Astringent, diuretic,
antidiarrhoeal;
 fever,
biliousness, cough,
vomiting, asthma,
antidote to snake-
bite / scorpion
sting
53 Dioscorea bulbifera L.
Dioscoreaceae
Kattukachil SeIni-evergreen and moist mixed
deciduous forests
Stem tuber Poisonous
glucosides
Aphrodisiac,
stomachic,
anthehninthic,
expectorant; piles,
dysentery, syphilis,
ulcers
54 Eclipta prostrata (L.) L.Asteraceae Kayonni Wet, marshy places in the plains,
mostly as a weed
Whole plant, leaf,root Ecliptine(alk.) Tonic, deobstureot
in hepatic
and spleen
enlargements,
purgative, antiseptic;
jaundice, catarrah
55 Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton
Zingiberaceae
Elam Evergreen forests above 800m; cultivated Seed
Essential oil

Aromatic, stomachi
carminative, diureti
antibacterial
56 Embelia ribes Burm.f. Myrsinaceae Vizhal Low and high
altitude evergreen forests
Dried fruit, root, seed Embelic acid christembine Vernfifuge,
astringent
antibacterial;
fever, cough, diarrhoea.
57 Embelia tsjeriam cottam (Roem. ex Schult) DC.Myrsinaceae Vizhalari Dry and moist
 mixed deciduous forests
Fruit, dried bark of root
Embelin

Antipasmodic,
carminative,
anthelminthic,
 pile.
58  Entada phaseoloides (L.) Merr. Mimosaceae Malamanchadi  Evergreen and semi-evergreen forests Stem, bark, seed Saponin, glucoside,
alkaloids
tooth ache ulcers and post natacare
59

Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L.
Convolvulaceae
Vishnukranti Common in open and grassy places Whole plant, leaf Alkaloid Bitter, tonic,febrifuge,
anthelminthic,
antidysenteric
60 Ficus benghalensis L. Moraceae Peral Mostly planted, occasionally wild in secondary forests Latex, bark, leaf, seed .. Astringent
antidysenteric,
antidiarrhoeal,
antidiabetic;
gonorrhoea
61 Ficus microcarpa L.f. Moraceae Ithi Semi-evergreen and  moist mixed deciduous forests
Leaf, root

 .. Stomachic,
aperien fever
62 Fir'us racemosa L.
Moraceae
Athi Semi-evergreen and moist mixed deciduous forests Bark, root, leaf,fruit, latex  .. astringent,
antidysenteric,
antidiabetic
63 Ficus religiosa L.
Moraceae
Arayal Often planted in temples or as an avenue tree Bark, fruit, seed, leaf .. Astringent,
laxatiw
cooling, alterative,
purgative;
gonorrhoea,
scabics
64 Garcinia gummigutta (L.) Robs Clusiaceae
kodampuli

Tropical evergreen forests Fruit Resin Antiseptic. purgati,
rheumatism, bowel
complaints, piles
65 GIoriosa superba L.
Liliaceae
Menthonni Semi-evergreen, dry and moist mixed deciduous forests and
scrub jungles
Root Superbine
gloriosine
Purgative,
anthelminthic;
gonorrhoea, leprosy
antidote for snake
bite and or
scorpionary sting
66 Gmelina arborea Roxb. Verbenaceae  Kumizhu Semi-evergreen and moist mixed deciduous forests  Leaf Demulcent; gonorrhoea, cough
and ulcers
67 Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) Roem. Asclepiadaceae Chakkarakolli Moist mixed deciduous forests Leaf Gymnemic acid Antidiabetic

68 Helicteres isora L Sterculiaceae. Idampiri-
valampiri
Semi-evergreen and moist mixed deciduous forests Bark, fruit,
root
phytosterol saponin Antidysenteric, antidiarrhoeal, antiinflammatory;
scabies
69 Hemidesmus indicus (Willd.)
Schultes Asclepiadaceae
Narunandi
Nannari
Dry and moist mixed deciduous
and semi-evergreen forests
Root Essential oils saponins Demulcent, diuretic: fever, skindiseases,
rheumatism, leucorrhoea,
syphili
70 Heracleum candolleanum Gamble Apiaceae
Chittelam

Montane grasslands above 1000m Seed, rhizome
Expectorant,
sedative; rheumatisn
breathing troubles
71


Holarrhena pubescens(Buch-Ham.) G. Don f. Apocynaceae
Kudakappala


Moist mixed deciduous forests and secondary forests
Stem bark, seed

Conessine
holarrhimine
Astringent, febrifug,
antidysenteric,
anthelminthic
72 Holoptelia integrifolia (Roxb.)PlanchUhnaceae Aaval Evergreen forests Bark Fatty oil Rheumatism, swellings
73 Holostemma annulare
(Roxb.) Schum.
Asclepiadaceae
Adakodien
Adapathiyan
Dry or moist mixed deciduous
forests
Root
Tonic, aphrodisiac; diabetes, ophthalmia spermatorrhoea,
74

Hydnocarpus macrocarpa (Bedd.) Warb. Flacourtiaceae Malankumm-
attivellanangu
Evergreen and semi-evergreen
forests
Seed Oil Skin diseases
75 lpomea pestridis L. Convolvulaceae Pulichuvadi Grasslands and open places Root Resin Purgative, boils and carbuncle
76 Ixora coccinea L.
Rubiaceae
Chethi Evergreen and semi-evergreen forests, also in cultivation
Flower
Acrid aromaticoil, tannin, fatty acids
Dysentery, dysmenorrhoea
77 Janakia arayalpathra Joseph. et Chandras.Periplocaceae Amritha pala Evergreen forests at hill tops Tuberous roots Milky latex Anti ulcer, jaundice
78

Kaempferia galanga L. Zingiberaceae Kacholam Cultivated, very scarce in wild Rhizome Essential oil Stimulant,diuretic,
carminative expectorant
79 Luffa acutangula(L.) Roxb. Cucurbitaceae Puichenga Cultivated and naturalized Fruit, seed Cucurbitacin.B,
D, G & Holeanolic acid
Laxative, purgative;
skin diseases, asthma,
spleen disorders
80 Madhuca indica Gmel.Sapotaceae lrippa Evergreen and semi-evergreen
forests
Flower, bark Saponin Astringent, tonic,
apetizer, piles
81 Madhuca Iongoiblia (Koenig)
Mc BrideSapotaceae
'Nattilippa .. Bark, flower, seed.gummy, juice Poisonous
saponin, essential oil
Antipruritic, laxative
anthelminthic;
rheumatism, skindiseases
82 Mallottts philippensis (Lam.) Muell - Arg. Kurangu manjal Euphorbiaceae Moist mixed deciduous forests, semi-evergreen forests Leaf, glands and hairs of fruit Rottlerin, isolotterine, resin, Apetizer, antiseptic, anthelminthic wax
83 Mesua.ferrea L. Clusiaceae Nagachempakam
Churuli
Nanku
Evergreen forests Flower, fruit,
leaf
Essential oil Astringent, stomachic, subdorific. antidysenteric, piles, antidote for snake poison
84 Moringa oleifera Lam
Moringaceae
Muringa Cultivated Root, root bark, stem bark, fruit,
flower, seed oil
Moringine moringinine Stimulant,
abortifacient, cardiac
and circulatory tonic, sedative, aphrodisiac; hepatic & spleen disorders, rheumatism, dental caries, venereal diseases
85 Murraya koenigii (L.)
Sprengel
Rutaceae
Curry vepu Often cultivated in homestead gardens Stem bark, root, leaf Koenigin, essential oil Stomachic, antidysenteric,
febrifuge
86 Mristica malabarica Lam. Myristicaceae Kattujathi Evergreen forests, Myristica swamps Seed Essential oil Analgesic, indolentulcers
87 Nelumbo nuciera Gaertn. Nelumbonaceae Thamara Fresh water bodies Flower, seed,root, leaf Nelumbine(alk.) All parts cooling,
astringent,
anthelminthic cardiactonic;
leprosy and other skin diseases
88 Nilgirianthus cilittts (Nees) syn. Bremek. Acanthaceae Karimkurinji Tropical evergreen forests Leaf, root, seed, bark
.
Diuretic; gout, lumbago; pain killer, jaundice, dropsy, rheumatism gonorrhoea, spermatorrhoea
79 Luffa acutangula(L.) Roxb. Cucurbitaceae Puichenga Cultivated and naturalized Fruit, seed Cucurbitacin.B,
D, G & H
oleanolic acid
Laxative, purgative;
skin diseases, asthma,
spleen disorders
80 Madhuca indica Gmel.Sapotaceae lrippa Evergreen and semi-evergreen forests Flower, bark Saponin Astringent, tonic,
apetizer, piles
81 Madhuca Iongoiblia (Koenig)
Mc Bride
Sapotaceae
'Nattilippa
Bark, flower, seed.
gummy, juice
Poisonous
saponin, essential oil
Antipruritic, laxative
anthelminthic;
rheumatism, skin
diseases
82 Mallottts philippensis (Lam.)
Muell - Arg.
Euphorbiaceae
Kurangu manjal Moist mixed deciduous forests, semi-evergreen forests Leaf, glands and
hairs of fruit
Rottlerin,
isolotterine, resin, wax
Apetizer, antiseptic,
anthelminthic
83 Mesua.ferrea L.
Clusiaceae
Nagachempakam
Churuli
Nanku
Evergreen forests Flower, fruit, leaf Essential oil Astringent,
stomachic, subdorific.
antidysenteric, piles,
antidote for snake
poison
84 Moringa oleifera Lam Moringaceae Muringa Cultivated Root, root bark, stem bark, fruit,flower, seed oil Moringine moringinine Stimulant, abortifacient, cardiac and circulatory tonic, sedative, aphrodisiac; hepatic & spleen disorders, rheumatism, dental caries, venereal diseases
85 Murraya koenigii (L.) Sprengel
Rutaceae
Curry vepu Often cultivated in homestead
gardens
Stem bark, root,
leaf
Koenigin,
essential oil
Stomachic,
antidysenteric,
febrifuge
86 Myristica malabarica Lam.
Myristicaceae
Kattujathi Evergreen forests, Myristica swamps Seed Essential oil Analgesic, indolent ulcers
87 Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. Nelumbonaceae Thamara Fresh water bodies Flower, seed,
root, leaf
Nelumbine(alk.) All parts cooling,
astringent,
anthelminthic cardiac
tonic; leprosy and
other skin diseases
88 Nilgirianthus cilittts (Nees)
syn. Bremek.
Acanthaceae
Karimkurinji Tropical evergreen forests Leaf, root, seed, bark
.
Diuretic; gout,
lumbago; pain killer,
jaundice, dropsy,
rheumatism
gonorrhoea,
spermatorrhoea
89 Ocimum basilicum L.Lamiaceae Tirunruthu Often cultivated in gardens Flower, seed, root, leaf Essential oil
containing linalool and traces of eugenol
Carminatiye, diuretic,
antidysenteric,
antidiarrhoeal; bowel
complaints in children
90 Ocimum sanctum L. Lamiaceae Tulasi Cultivated and naturalized Leaf, seed, root whole plant Essential oil
containing
eugenol,
carvaool emethyl, caryophyllene
Diaphoretic,
expectorant,
stomachic,
bronchitis, catarrh,
hepatic disorders
91 Operculina turpethum (L.)
Silva Convolvulaceae
Trikolpakonna Grasslands and waste places Root, flower Turpethin
glycosidic rosin
Purgative,
antibacterial, antidote
for scorpion sting,
snakebite
92 Oroxylum indicum (L.)Benth, ex Kurz
Bignoniaceae
Palakapayyani Evergreen and moist mixed
deciduous forest above 600m.
Bark, fruit, seed Oroxylin Astringent, tonic,
antidiarrhoeal,
antidysenteric,
rheumatism
93 Oxalis corniculata L
Oxalidaceae
Puliyarila Wet, marshy places in the plains and hills Leaf, whole plant Acid potassium
oxalate
Cooling, refrigerent, stomachic; scurvy
94 Phyllanthus emblica L.Eupborbiaceae Nelli Dry and moist mixed deciduousforests Fruit Vitamin C Refrigerent, diuretic,
laxative,
antidiarrhoeal,
antidysenteric,
antiinfiammatory;
jaundice, dyspepsia,
asthma,
bronchitis
95 Phyllanthus niruri L.
Euphorbiaceae
Kizharnelli Common in the plains and moist mixed deciduous forests Whole plant, leaf,
root
Phyllanthin,
hypophyllantbin
Diuretic; genito-urinal
and hepatic disorders
(jaundice)
96 Piper longum L. Piperaceae Tippali Evergreen, semi-evergreen and moist mixed deciduous forests Dried unripe fruit, root Piperine, pipula triacontane,dihy
drostigmasterol 
Pungent, aphrodisiac,  laxative, stomachic,
carminative, cough,
bronchitis
97 Piper nigrum L.
Piperacaeae
Kurumulaku Evergreen and semi-evergreen
forests; cultivated and wild
Fruit Piperine,
chavicine
Aromatic, stimulant,
stomachic, digestive;
fever, sore throat,
piles, skin diseases
98 Plumbago zeylanica L. Plumbaginaceae Velutha koduveli Dry mixed deciduous forests, and also in cultivation Root, root bark,milky juice Plumbagin Anticancerous.
antibacterial
antifungal
99 Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre Papilionaceae Ungu pongu Semi-evergreen forest, and also planted as avenue tree Seed, bark, leaf fruit karanjin pongamol, glabrin (alks.) Piles, ulcers, urinary
diseases, blood purifier
100 Quisqualis indica L.
Combretaceae
.. Scrub jungles, highly naturalized Seed Quisqualic acid Anthelminthic
101


Rauvolfia serpentina(L.)
Benth. ex Kurz.
Apocynaceae antihypertensive,
tranquilizer
Sarpagandhi


Moist mixed deciduous forests Root, leaf Ajamalicine,
rescinnamine
reserpine (alks.)
Circulatory disroder
102 Rubia cordifolia L.
Rubiaceae
Manchatti

Semi-evergreen and moist mixed deciduous forests
Root

Manjustin Tonic, alterative,
astringent,
antidote cobra venom,
scorpion sting.

103 Salacia reticulata Wight
Hippocrataceae
Ekanayakam
 .
Root bark
 .
Gonorrhoea,
rheumatism and skin
diseases
104 Santalum album L. Santalaceae Chandanam Dry mixed deciduous forests Wood, bark Oil from
heartwood
santalenes, betulic
acid [3-sitosterol,
fatty oil,
triterpinoid from
bark
Cooling, alexiteric,
antipyretic,
aphrodisiac,
diaphoretic;
headache, skin
diseases,
gonorrhoea
urithritis
105
Saraca asoca (Roxb.) Willd.
Ceasalpiniaceae
Asokam

Occasional in evergreen forests;
cultivated
Bark, flower

Tannin-catechol Anti inflammatory
antidiabetic;
menstrual disorders,
leucorrhoea, piles,
scabies
106  Semecarpus anacardium L;|Anacardiaceae
Alakkucheru

Moist mixed deciduous forests Nut, bark Anacardic acid
cardol, catechot
anacardol
Vermifuge;
rheumatism, venereal
and skin diseases.
107 Sida cordifolia.L. Malvaceae
Valiyakurunthotti

Dry mixed deciduous forests and secondary forests Root bark, seed,whole plant Alkaloid identical to ephedrine Spermatorrhoea,
dysentery, gonorrhoe
tetanus, Ieucorrhoea,
facial paralysis
108 Spilanthes calva
Asteraceae
Kuppamanjal In wet areas of plains and waste places Flower, seed Spilanthol, sterol Pungent: toothache,
salivation, anaestheti
for slammering in
children in Western
India. Dysentery
109 Stereospermum colaris (Dill.) Mabb.
Bignoniaceae
Pathiri Moist mixed deciduous forests upto 1300m alt. Root, leaf, flower
.
Febrifuge
110 Strychnos Nux Vomica L.
Loganiaceae
Kanjiram Moist and dry mixed deciduous forests Root bark, leaf,
seed, wood
Strychnine
brucine, loganin'
Nervine tonic,
stimulant; ulcers,
epilepsy, dysenteric
fever, dyspepsia, col
(poisonous in
excessdoses)

103 Salacia reticulata Wight
Hippocrataceae
Ekanayakam
 .
Root bark
 .
Gonorrhoea,
rheumatism and skin
diseases
104 Santalum album L. Santalaceae Chandanam Dry mixed deciduous forests Wood, bark Oil from
heartwood
santalenes, betulic
acid [3-sitosterol,
fatty oil,
triterpinoid from
bark
Cooling, alexiteric,
antipyretic,
aphrodisiac,
diaphoretic;
headache, skin
diseases,
gonorrhoea
urithritis
105
Saraca asoca (Roxb.) Willd.
Ceasalpiniaceae
Asokam

Occasional in evergreen forests;
cultivated
Bark, flower

Tannin-catechol Anti inflammatory
antidiabetic;
menstrual disorders,
leucorrhoea, piles,
scabies
106  Semecarpus anacardium L;|Anacardiaceae
Alakkucheru

Moist mixed deciduous forests Nut, bark Anacardic acid
cardol, catechot
anacardol
Vermifuge;
rheumatism, venereal
and skin diseases.
107 Sida cordifolia.L. Malvaceae
Valiyakurunthotti

Dry mixed deciduous forests and secondary forests Root bark, seed,whole plant Alkaloid identical to ephedrine Spermatorrhoea,
dysentery, gonorrhoe
tetanus, Ieucorrhoea,
facial paralysis
108 Spilanthes calva
Asteraceae
Kuppamanjal In wet areas of plains and waste places Flower, seed Spilanthol, sterol Pungent: toothache,
salivation, anaestheti
for slammering in
children in Western
India. Dysentery
109 Stereospermum colaris (Dill.) Mabb.
Bignoniaceae
Pathiri Moist mixed deciduous forests upto 1300m alt. Root, leaf, flower
.
Febrifuge
110 Strychnos Nux Vomica L.
Loganiaceae
Kanjiram Moist and dry mixed deciduous forests Root bark, leaf,
seed, wood
Strychnine
brucine, loganin'
Nervine tonic,
stimulant; ulcers,
epilepsy, dysenteric
fever, dyspepsia, col
(poisonous in
excessdoses)
111 Terminalia arjuna W. & A.
Combretaceae
Neer maruthu Evergreen forests; mostly on the banks of rivers and streams Leaf, bark, fruit Arjunine
essentialoil
Cardiac tonic, heart
diseases
112 Terminalia belerica (Gaertn.)
Roxb. Combretaceae
Thanni Evergreen and semi-evergreen forests Fruit Tannin Bitter, astringent,laxative,
antipyretic
purgative, piles,diarrhoea, biliousness
113
Terminalia chebula Retz
Combretaceae
Kadukka
Evergreen, semi-evergreen
forests
Fruit, bark Chebulinic acid Astringent, laxative,
diuretic,cardiac tonic;
antiseptic, ulcers,
dental caries
114 Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.)
Miers ex Hook. f. & Thorns.
Menispermaceae
Chittamruth Semi-evergreen and moist mixed
deciduous forests
Whole plant, fruit Berberine Diabetes, jaundice,
rheumatism, general
disabilities
115 Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam.
Rutaceae
Kaka todali All types of forests Root bark Essential oil,
berberine
Tonic, stimulant antipyretic
116 Tribulus terrestris L.
Zygophyllaceae
Njerinjil Dry mixed deciduous forests and in the plains Fruit Alkaloid, essential
oil, resin
Diuretic, aphrodisiac
urinary and kidney
disorders
117 Trichopus zeylanicus ssp. travancoricus Burk. ex. Narayanan Trichopodaceae Arogya pacha Moist mixed decidious and evergreen forests Tender fruit, whole plant - Anti fatigue, immunostimulant
118 Trichosanthes cucumeriana L.
Cucurbitaceae
Kattupadavalam Moist mixed decidious and evergreen forests Leaf, stem; root, fruit Fatty acids Febrifuge, cardiac
 antipyretic,
anthehninthic; bilious
disorders
119 Tylophora Indica (Burm,f.)
Merrill
Asclepiadaceae
Vallippala Evergreen and semi-evergreen forests Leaf Tylophorine
tylophorinine
Emetic, expectorant

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